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Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences
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Bicultural Social Development

Amado M. Padilla

Stanford University

The conditions that result in bicultural social development among Latino children and adolescents represent the central focus of this article. The literature surrounding bicultural development is reviewed from four perspectives: (a) immigrant children and adolescents, (b) second generation Latinos or the offspring of immigrants, (c) later generation ethnic children and adolescents, and (d) mixed ethnic and racial heritage individuals. Each of these situations presents different socialization contexts and challenges for parents and children in the transmission of culture across generations and for the development of bicultural competence. The concepts of acculturation, marginality, and biculturalism are examined for the assumptions inherent in each of these constructs. An important assumption in the analysis is that maintenance of ethnic identity and bicultural orientation may be imposed on Latinos depending on their phenotype, which marks them as "outsiders" to the dominant social group. Thus, ethnic loyalty and biculturalism may serve as positive coping responses in a racialized society.

Key Words: social development • biculturalism • bicultural development • children • adolescence

Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 28, No. 4, 467-497 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0739986306294255
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This article has been cited by other articles:


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 Hispanic Journal of Behavioral SciencesHome page
M. I. Iturbide, M. Raffaelli, and G. Carlo
Protective Effects of Ethnic Identity on Mexican American College Students' Psychological Well-Being
Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, November 1, 2009; 31(4): 536 - 552.
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 The Journal of Early AdolescenceHome page
C. R. Martinez Jr, H. H. McClure, and J. M. Eddy
Language Brokering Contexts and Behavioral and Emotional Adjustment Among Latino Parents and Adolescents
The Journal of Early Adolescence, February 1, 2009; 29(1): 71 - 98.
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Home page
 Hispanic Journal of Behavioral SciencesHome page
S. R. Hawley, D. V. Chavez, and T. St. Romain
Developing a Bicultural Model for Academic Achievement: A Look at Acculturative Stress, Coping, and Self-Perception
Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, August 1, 2007; 29(3): 283 - 299.
[Abstract] [PDF]